The Prince's father was Jérôme, King of Westphalia, whose name he took in 1848. He bore a great resemblance to the first Napoleon in appearance and lucidity of thought, was energetic in Liberal politics, and in 1858 became minister for the Colonies and Algeria. Having married a daughter of Victor Emmanuel he took part in the unification of Italy. After the death of the Prince Imperial (1st June 1879) his opinions were too advanced for most of his supporters, who proclaimed his son as pretender in 1884.