Henry de Monfreid was born in Leucate, Aude, France. He was the son of artist painter Georges-Daniel de Monfreid and knew Paul Gauguin as a child. He was known for his travels in the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa coast from Tanzania to Aden, Yemen, the Arabian Peninsula and Suez, that he sailed in his various expeditions as adventurer, smuggler and gunrunner (during which he said he more than once escaped Royal Navy coast-guard cutters).